Bilgi Üniversitesi Bilet 2 Reading sınav örneği WOLA tarafından özel olarak öğrencilerin Bilet 2 Reading sınavı hakkında fikir edinmeleri için hazırlanmıştır.
What a Waste!
A)
Every day, all over the world, unwanted waste is disposed of from both domestic and commercial
sources, usually with insufficient attention paid to the resulting problems. The increase in excess
refuse and how to dispense with it has become a major headache for the government and the
environmental agencies.
B)
This has certainly been the case in Britain where there has been a steady rise in the amount of
rubbish generated in recent years. In industry, the mining, agriculture, and construction sectors are
the biggest culprits, being amongst the greatest producers of waste. Also, household waste has
grown at a rate of 3% a year as a consequence of society becoming more affluent and thus
consuming more goods, resulting in more rubbish to discard. As this waste is economically and
environmentally costly to deal with, local authorities have been required to ensure that the
arrangements made to dispose of the surplus detritus are efficient and practicable, considering
social as well as economic implications.
C )
For many years, the preferred option for refuse disposal in Britain has been the landfill. In fact,
The UK, more than any other European country, makes use of landfills to get rid of its biodegradable
waste. However, problems have arisen with this method and alternative solutions have had to be
researched.
Bilet 2 Reading Sınav
One of the biggest drawbacks to landfills is the cost. In the past this was not the case as land was
plentiful and cheap with abandoned quarries and mines often being utilised. But by 2016, since
space for approved and licensed landfills will have run out, viable alternatives to waste disposal
have to be found. Another disadvantage is the environmental impact made by the acids and
hazardous chemicals that are leaked from the landfills. Older sites depended on these substances
being diluted naturally by rain but this often did not occur and surrounding agricultural land was
affected and livestock poisoned. Nowadays, more modern landfills use liners within the pits to
contain any dangerous material and the liquid is then collected, treated and discharged within the
site itself. But perhaps the most apparent annoyance for the general public living in the immediate
vicinity of the landfill is the nuisance that results from the traffic, the noise, the dust and the
unpleasant odours emanating from the site. Although no risks to human health have been verified,
symptoms such as headaches, drowsiness, and exhaustion have been reported by people living
close to landfills. These may have been caused by toxic emissions from the site but they may be
connected to the impact that living next to the sites can have on stress and anxiety.
E)
In order to reduce the amount of waste being sent to the landfill, a special tax was introduced in
1996, to discourage this practice. The charges range from two to eleven pounds per tonne
depending on the type of rubbish being discarded and due to this tax, the amount of waste from
the construction industry has been markedly reduced. Other targets have been set to reduce
biodegradable waste deposited in these sites by 2006 but it is thought that the greatest impact
could be made through the introduction of more intensive recycling, which could be funded from
the proceeds of the landfill tax.
Bilet 2 Reading Sınav
In Europe, Britain is bottom of the recycling table with the lowest rate of 8% compared to
The Netherlands where they recycle 72% of their detritus. According to government research, only 7%
of plastic was salvaged, as was only 22% of the six billion glass containers manufactured annually in
Britain. On the other hand, the same sources found that 90% of car batteries and 66% of lead is
recycled. This proportion is high because of the economic value of the material and so reprocessing
is an opportunity to gain an income from an environmentally friendly undertaking. Also, of the
thirteen billion steel cans produced yearly, about a quarter come from recycled metal. These goods
only consume 25% of the energy needed to make the same products from raw materials.
G)
Biodegradable wastes can be made into organic compost to use as fertilizer for the land. At
present, less than half the local authorities have facilities for this and about a fifth of municipal
waste is being treated but in some areas, schemes are being set up to collect waste from both
domestic properties and supermarkets to help effect this procedure.
Bilet 2 Reading Sınav
Yet even now in the 21st century, less progressive authorities are still constructing and employing
incinerators to dispose of waste despite the subsequent health hazards. They also have to confront
opposition from the public over a policy that has proved to be the most unpopular technology
since the introduction of nuclear power.
So, what can be done to encourage more recycling? Probably what should be the government’s
priority is the reduction in the number of landfills in regular use. Even materials that are
biodegradable such as paper cannot easily be broken down as the landfill pits are constructed to
keep air out and moisture in, thus slowing down the process to degrade this matter. Therefore,
more reprocessing plants for refuse must be constructed to replace the outmoded landfills. Also,
companies should be encouraged to take a more responsible approach to the packaging of their
products, only using the minimum and environmentally friendly recycled materials. Then, the
public must be convinced of the benefits of recycling and be made aware of the ecological
consequences of not recycling. In Britain, more intensive reprocessing would lower the production
of gases harmful to the ozone layer by 12.8 million tonnes of carbon a year, the equivalent of
taking nearly five million cars off the road. Also, a strong incentive for the public to support
recycling is the prospect of higher employment. In Germany, it has been estimated that 150,000
people are employed in the recycling business, a number greater than those employed in the steel
industry. It is believed that up to 50,000 jobs could be created in Britain if recycling was adopted.
Bilet 2 Reading Sınav
J)
What will happen in the future regarding the disposal of the waste matters very much depends on the
attitude and party policies of the particular government in power. Yet, if reforms to the methods of
waste disposal are not made, serious environmental problems will arise in the immediate future,
the consequences of which are too dire to contemplate.
1) More household waste is produced because
.——————————————————
2)Recycling is preferred over landfills
.——————————————————
Solutions to the problem of how to dispose of excess rubbish must be found. With the dramatic
increase in both (3)————– and industrial rubbish, the (4)———————-
must devise new policies to deal with the matter. The well-established
(5) ————————are now considered (6) ———————–so it is preferable to
send the refuse to (7)—————- works in order to (8) ———————-the
waste products which could then be used to manufacture (9) ————————goods.
Also, the general public must be better informed of the worrying environmental
(10)————————- the planet faces if this matter is not addressed urgently.
How does an increase in wealth contribute to an increase in waste?
1)As the population becomes wealthier, their capacity to consume more increases resulting in
more rubbish to discard.
2) Landfills are not approved of because
a. they use agricultural land.
b. they have always been expensive to run.
c. they need to have a license.
d. they produce dangerous emissions.
3) A tax was imposed in order
a. to encourage recycling.
b. to dissuade people from using landfills.
c. to punish the building industry.
d. to gather money for the government.
Bilet 2 Reading Sınav
Answer Key
1) More household waste is produced because as the population becomes wealthier, their capacity
to consume more increases.
2) Recycling is preferred over landfills because it could reduce the cost of waste disposal, lower the
production of gases harmful to the ozone layer, and create more job opportunities.
Solutions to the problem of how to dispose of excess rubbish must be found. With the dramatic
increase in both (3) domestic and industrial rubbish, the (4) government must devise new
policies to deal with the matter. The well-established (5) landfills are now considered (6)
outmoded so it is preferable to send the refuse to (7) reprocessing/recycling works in order to
(8) degrade the waste products which could then be used to manufacture (9) recycled goods.
Also the general public must be better informed of the worrying environmental (10)
consequences the planet faces if this matter is not addressed urgently.
Part C: Answer the following questions according to the information in the text.
As the population becomes wealthier, their capacity to consume more increases resulting in
more rubbish to discard.
a. they use agricultural land.
b. they have always been expensive to run.
c. they need to have a license.
d. they produce dangerous emissions.
a. to encourage recycling.
b. to dissuade people from using landfills.
c. to punish the building industry.
d. to gather money for the government.
Bilgi Üniversitesi Bilet 2 Reading sınav örneği WOLA tarafından özel olarak öğrencilerin Bilet 2 Reading sınavı hakkında fikir edinmeleri için yapılmıştır.
