Part One

Questions 1-8

Read the following three passages. On the optic form, mark the letter A, B, C, D, or E for each question. Give only one answer to each question.

Children as Individuals

When you were born and your parents first looked at you, what did they see? Someone who would love clothes and shopping as much as her mother did, or someone who would be as football crazy as his dad? Most parents would probably say that they see their children as individuals whose point of view they accept. However, while many parents think that they do this, often they do not.

Accepting another person means accepting everything about them and not just the bits and pieces that you like. Because they don‘t understand this, most parents can still do things that leave children feeling unaccepted, inadequate, and unable to be themselves. Moreover, parents often underestimate how much they impose their needs and wishes on their children. Sometimes it is because the parent wants the child to compensate him or her for past losses, or to fulfill an ambition they failed to fulfill. The idea that children are wild things that have to be tamed is still very prevalent in our society. To be seen as being a good parent, you have to produce children who are well-behaved and obedient. Such a result is more likely to be achieved by stern discipline than by taking into account your child‘s point of view.

1-The main idea of the text is that many parents…………………..

Part One

Questions 1-8

Read the following three passages. On the optic form, mark the letter A, B, C, D, or E for each question. Give only one answer to each question.

Children as Individuals

When you were born and your parents first looked at you, what did they see? Someone who would love clothes and shopping as much as her mother did, or someone who would be as football crazy as his dad? Most parents would probably say that they see their children as individuals whose point of view they accept. However, while many parents think that they do this, often they do not.

Accepting another person means accepting everything about them and not just the bits and pieces that you like. Because they don‘t understand this, most parents can still do things that leave children feeling unaccepted, inadequate, and unable to be themselves. Moreover, parents often underestimate how much they impose their needs and wishes on their children. Sometimes it is because the parent wants the child to compensate him or her for past losses, or to fulfill an ambition they failed to fulfill. The idea that children are wild things that have to be tamed is still very prevalent in our society. To be seen as being a good parent, you have to produce children who are well-behaved and obedient. Such a result is more likely to be achieved by stern discipline than by taking into account your child‘s point of view.

2-The writer believes that parents often……………………………

Part One

Questions 1-8

Read the following three passages. On the optic form, mark the letter A, B, C, D, or E for each question. Give only one answer to each question.

Children as Individuals

When you were born and your parents first looked at you, what did they see? Someone who would love clothes and shopping as much as her mother did, or someone who would be as football crazy as his dad? Most parents would probably say that they see their children as individuals whose point of view they accept. However, while many parents think that they do this, often they do not.

Accepting another person means accepting everything about them and not just the bits and pieces that you like. Because they don‘t understand this, most parents can still do things that leave children feeling unaccepted, inadequate, and unable to be themselves. Moreover, parents often underestimate how much they impose their needs and wishes on their children. Sometimes it is because the parent wants the child to compensate him or her for past losses, or to fulfill an ambition they failed to fulfill. The idea that children are wild things that have to be tamed is still very prevalent in our society. To be seen as being a good parent, you have to produce children who are well-behaved and obedient. Such a result is more likely to be achieved by stern discipline than by taking into account your child‘s point of view.

3-The idea that ―children are wild things that have to be tamed‖ means that children………………………………………….

Overpromise

If there is a sure way to end up stressed, it's trying to live up to other people's expectations. Do you find yourself slaving away at 8 p.m. to finish the report you promised your boss? Or do you spend Saturdays stuck in traffic rather than relaxing, because three friends put pressure on you to see them on the same day? Next time, ask yourself: is there the tiniest chance that it could be your fault? Women, in particular, are prone to 'overpromise', which puts them under unnecessary stress. Lifestyle guru Dawna Walter says, "It's in our nature; we want to please others, so when they ask us for something, we tend to tell them what they want to hear. But we should start saying ‗No!‘ to people.

Here is how to avoid the overpromise trap - 'underpromise'. Before agreeing to do something, calculate how long you think it will take, given your other commitments. Then add an hour, a day, a week - whatever is appropriate. If you finish early, terrific; you'll be seen as efficient. Don't be bullied into doing something you don't want to do. If you are asked to commit to a task that won't be easy for you, explain that you aren't prepared to agree to something that will put you under unnecessary pressure. Be firm. You may feel unhelpful but this is misplaced guilt. By not over-committing yourself, you'll have the space to react more calmly to a real crisis rather than reacting to an artificial crisis created by others.

4-The main idea of the text is that…………………………….

Overpromise

If there is a sure way to end up stressed, it's trying to live up to other people's expectations. Do you find yourself slaving away at 8 p.m. to finish the report you promised your boss? Or do you spend Saturdays stuck in traffic rather than relaxing, because three friends put pressure on you to see them on the same day? Next time, ask yourself: is there the tiniest chance that it could be your fault? Women, in particular, are prone to 'overpromise', which puts them under unnecessary stress. Lifestyle guru Dawna Walter says, "It's in our nature; we want to please others, so when they ask us for something, we tend to tell them what they want to hear. But we should start saying ‗No!‘ to people.

Here is how to avoid the overpromise trap - 'underpromise'. Before agreeing to do something, calculate how long you think it will take, given your other commitments. Then add an hour, a day, a week - whatever is appropriate. If you finish early, terrific; you'll be seen as efficient. Don't be bullied into doing something you don't want to do. If you are asked to commit to a task that won't be easy for you, explain that you aren't prepared to agree to something that will put you under unnecessary pressure. Be firm. You may feel unhelpful but this is misplaced guilt. By not over-committing yourself, you'll have the space to react more calmly to a real crisis rather than reacting to an artificial crisis created by others.

5-Walter's attitude towards people who want to please others is……………………

Overpromise

If there is a sure way to end up stressed, it's trying to live up to other people's expectations. Do you find yourself slaving away at 8 p.m. to finish the report you promised your boss? Or do you spend Saturdays stuck in traffic rather than relaxing, because three friends put pressure on you to see them on the same day? Next time, ask yourself: is there the tiniest chance that it could be your fault? Women, in particular, are prone to 'overpromise', which puts them under unnecessary stress. Lifestyle guru Dawna Walter says, "It's in our nature; we want to please others, so when they ask us for something, we tend to tell them what they want to hear. But we should start saying ‗No!‘ to people.

Here is how to avoid the overpromise trap - 'underpromise'. Before agreeing to do something, calculate how long you think it will take, given your other commitments. Then add an hour, a day, a week - whatever is appropriate. If you finish early, terrific; you'll be seen as efficient. Don't be bullied into doing something you don't want to do. If you are asked to commit to a task that won't be easy for you, explain that you aren't prepared to agree to something that will put you under unnecessary pressure. Be firm. You may feel unhelpful but this is misplaced guilt. By not over-committing yourself, you'll have the space to react more calmly to a real crisis rather than reacting to an artificial crisis created by others.

6-“Misplaced guilt” means feeling guilty.

Globalization in the Philippines

One of the most common ways to argue against globalization is to illustrate how little money people in low-wage countries are paid. The logic appears to be that people cannot live on these wages, that they are being hurt, and therefore they should be saved from these jobs. If I had no firsthand knowledge of developing countries, I might actually agree with this. But let us examine these questions more deeply. Are wages so unfair that they hurt workers? I currently live in the Philippines, where workers in the clothing industry, according to one worker rights organization, make 58 to 74 cents per hour. This is compared to 8.42 dollars in the United States.

However, things cost much less in the Philippines and upon moving here, I learned very quickly to stop thinking in dollars. What matters is the local buying power, which depends on your wages. In local currency, this wage works out to about 5000 pesos per month. You can rent a place to live for 1000 pesos per month. You can buy a TV for 2000 pesos and have a meal at a restaurant for 20 pesos. Do their children have their own rooms and cars? No, but is that the measure of happiness? To compensate, families tend to stick together more, and perhaps that is one reason why people here seem happier. More importantly, if you ask the workers who produce foreign products, they are grateful for their employment, and do you honestly think you would be helping them by taking their jobs from them? The alternative of living in complete poverty is far worse than their current situation and is inconceivable to most people from developed countries.

7-The main idea of the text is that globalization………………………

Globalization in the Philippines

One of the most common ways to argue against globalization is to illustrate how little money people in low-wage countries are paid. The logic appears to be that people cannot live on these wages, that they are being hurt, and therefore they should be saved from these jobs. If I had no firsthand knowledge of developing countries, I might actually agree with this. But let us examine these questions more deeply. Are wages so unfair that they hurt workers? I currently live in the Philippines, where workers in the clothing industry, according to one worker rights‘ organisation, make 58 to 74 cents per hour. This is compared to 8.42 dollars in the United States.

However, things cost much less in the Philippines and upon moving here, I learnt very quickly to stop thinking in dollars. What matters is the local buying power, which depends on your wages. In local currency, this wage works out to about 5000 pesos per month. You can rent a place to live for 1000 pesos per month. You can buy a TV for 2000 pesos and have a meal at a restaurant for 20 pesos. Do their children have their own rooms and cars? No, but is that the measure of happiness? To compensate, families tend to stick together more and perhaps that is one reason why people here seem happier. More importantly, if you ask the workers who produce foreign products, they are grateful for their employment, and do you honestly think you would be helping them by taking their jobs from them? The alternative of living in complete poverty is far worse than their current situation and is inconceivable to most people from developed countries.

8-The writer gives the cost of rent, a TV and a meal in a restaurant to illustrate that in the Philippines……………………………..